EASA, DGCA Exam Module 15 All Book Mixed Questions Made By AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar
This pdf is designed for the preparation of EASA DGCA Module 15 (Gas Turbine Engine). It contains EASA Module 15 Book, Ottis, Treager, Pratt and Whitney Manual Books Question, old DGCA question papers, and self-made questions. This PDF covers main topics like Thermodynamics, Engine Components, Combustion Process, Turbines, Compressors, and Fuel Systems. Read the Pdf and related books carefully for preparation. Understand each topic and make notes. Practice solving questions and memorize formulas. Check your progress by taking mock tests and pay more attention to difficult topics. Keep revising all the concepts.
AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar Module 15 Set 1 Pdf.
AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar Module 15 Set 2 Pdf.
AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar Module 15 Set 3 Pdf.
AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar Module 15 Set 4 Pdf.
AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar Module 15 Set 5 Pdf.
Gas Turbine Engine Explanation By AviAtor SuNiL BhaBar
Gas Turbine Engine
A gas turbine engine (GTE) is an internal combustion engine that produces mechanical energy by converting chemical energy from a fuel into high-speed exhaust gases. This type of engine is widely used in aviation for aircraft propulsion, but also powers ships, trains, and electric generators. Gas turbine engines operate on the Brayton cycle, which includes 5 main stages: intake, compression, combustion, turbine, and exhaust.
Main Component's of a Gas Turbine Engine (GTE)
1. Inlet (intake): Draws ambient air into the engine.
2. Compressor: Compresses the incoming air, increasing its pressure and temperature.
3. Combustion chamber: Fuel is injected and ignited, mixing with the compressed air to produce high-temperature, high-pressure gases.
4. Turbine: Extracts energy from the hot gases to drive the compressor and other engine components.
5. Exhaust nozzle: Expels gases at high speed, producing thrust or driving a mechanical load (depending on the application).
Gas Turbine Engine Types and Working Procedure in Simple Way
1. Turbojet Engine
Working Process
1. Air intake: Atmospheric air enters through the intake.
2. Compression: The air is compressed by a multi-stage axial or centrifugal compressor.
3. Combustion: Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber and ignited, combining with the compressed air to produce high-temperature, high-pressure gases.
4. Turbine: These gases pass through the turbine, which drives the compressor.
5. Exhaust: The high-speed gases exit the nozzle, producing thrust. All the air passes through the engine core, contributing to the thrust.
Key points: Efficient at high speeds but consumes more fuel at low speeds.
2. Turbofan Engine
Working Process
1. Air intake: Air enters through a large fan at the front.
2. Bypass and core flow: Some air bypasses the engine core, flowing around it, while the rest enters the core.
3. Compression: Core air is compressed by a multi-stage compressor.
4. Combustion: Fuel is injected and ignited in the combustion chamber, producing hot gases.
5. Turbine: The hot gases drive the turbine, which powers both the core and the front fan.
6. Exhaust: Core gases exit through a nozzle, and bypass air creates additional thrust, increasing efficiency and reducing noise.
Key points: More fuel-efficient, quieter than turbojets, and ideal for commercial aircraft.
3. Turboprop Engine
Working Process
1. Air Intake: Air enters through the intake.
2. Compression: Air is compressed and sent to the combustion chamber.
3. Combustion: Fuel is added and ignited, producing hot gases.
4. Turbine: The turbine extracts energy from the gases and drives a reduction gearbox.
5. Propeller Rotation: The gearbox drives the propeller, which produces most of the thrust.
6. Exhaust: The remaining gases exit with minimal thrust contribution.
Key Points: Efficient at low speeds and suitable for small aircraft.
4. Turboshaft Engine
Working Process
1. Air Intake: Air enters through the intake.
2. Compression: Air is compressed in stages and sent to the combustion chamber.
3. Combustion: Compressed air is combined with fuel and ignited.
4. Turbine: Hot gases pass through a turbine that drives a shaft connected to external machinery (e.g., helicopter rotor).
5. Power transmission: Mechanical power is transferred through a gearbox.
6. Exhaust: Gases escape without producing significant thrust.
Key points: Used in helicopters and industrial applications; provides shaft power rather than thrust.
5. Ramjet/Scramjet Engine
Working Process
1. Air intake (high speed): Relies on the forward speed of the aircraft to compress incoming air.
2. Compression: Air is compressed due to the high-speed ram effect (no moving compressor).
3. Combustion: Fuel is injected and ignited, producing hot gases.
4. Exhaust (Thrust): Hot gases are expelled at supersonic speeds, producing thrust.
Key Points: Effective only at supersonic (ramjet) or hypersonic (scramjet) speeds, with no moving parts, relies on high-speed air flow for compression.
Gas turbine engines are fundamental to modern aviation and a variety of industrial applications. They efficiently convert fuel energy into mechanical power or thrust by compressing air, igniting the fuel and expelling exhaust gases. Advances in materials and design continue to enhance their performance, making them indispensable in both the transportation and energy sectors.
